Studies of Artists: An Annotated Directory

This annotated directory documents more than 80 different studies of artist populations. The directory provides information about how the researcher in each study has defined the artist and identified the population. Studies are arranged by type of artist population and, within each category, by study date. Each entry indicates, in so far as possible from available materials, the study investigator, the artist population, the way in which artists were identified, sampling procedures, number of respondents and response rates, and publications based on the study. This directory should provide researchers and other interested parties with a range of definitions, identification methods, and sampling procedures currently used in studies of artists. The introduction to the directory provides a critical overview of the numerous methods for identifying and defining "artists."

Studies of Artists: An Annotated Directory

Documents more than 80 different studies of artist populations. Provides information about how the researcher in each study has defined the artist and identified the population

Understanding Parental Responses to Having an LGBTQ Child

Current research about parents of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (LGBTQ) children does not provide insight into whether attitudes towards sexual minorities, relational self-esteem, and sex-role stereotypes predict parents’ emotional responses when learning their child is LGBTQ. The purpose of the study was to investigate factors influencing parental responses when learning about their children’s LGBTQ identities using the social identity theory. The research questions were (a) are there statistically significant relationships between parental responses, negative attitudes toward sexual minorities, parents’ relational self-esteem, and sex-role attitudes and (b) do negative attitudes toward sexual minorities, parents’ relational self-esteem, and sex-role attitudes individually or collectively predict parents’ emotional responses. A quantitative survey research design was used to gather data from 96 parents with LGBTQ children who disclosed their nonheterosexuality within the past 5 years. Using SPSS, correlational and regression analysis found a statistically significant relationship between parental negative affect and relational self-esteem (Pearson’s r = -.380, p \u3c .01) with a medium effect size (f2 = .20). Relational self-esteem was a significant predictor of negative parental responses (F (1, 94) = 926.980, p \u3c .001) with an R2 of .135. The findings contribute to social change by implying that relational self-esteem, developed through their relationships with others, was predictive of negative parental responses, which can inform clinicians’ work with families with LGBTQ children. Further research about relational self-esteem and its impact on individuals and families would reveal further insights about parental experiences when learning their child is a sexual minority

The Case for UHF RFID application in the meat supply chain in the Irish context: a review perspective

As a result of recent food scares increasing pressure has been placed on food producing industries to incorporate a farm-to-fork traceability system. Conventional methods of traceability while reasonably successful are not without their disadvantages. These include potential damage and limited data capacity in the case of bar codes, unacceptable delays incurred through the use of DNA sampling and finally inapplicability of on biometric technologies due to permanent detachment post mortem. The aims of this paper is to outline the legislative requirements for traceability, technological aspects of current traceability systems, and the case for the widespread adoption of RFID in the farm-to-fork traceability of meat, all based on the Irish system. The arguments would be valid to any country or geographic region, with the existing differences taken into account. RFID technologies offer, among others, solutions to most important challenges to barcode technology, amenity to automation, possibility of value-added products, possibility for condition monitoring during storage and transport, potential to in house traceability under adverse processing environments, seamless integration with global supply chain, item-level traceability, and all these in near real-time

Permittivity of Meat Fish and their Components at UHF RFID Frequencies and Industry Relevant Temperatures

Permittivity values of lean beef, pork, fish, poultry, and values for other components from these sources (i.e. fat, marrow and bone) were measured at selected                                                                                                                                                                                                                              industry-relevant temperatures – 18 oC, - 12  oC, - 5 oC, 0 oC, 7 oC, 25 oC, 40 oC and UHF RFID relevant frequencies of 868 MHz, 915 MHZ, 950 MHz and 2450 MHz. Muscle fibre orientation in relation to probe placement was also investigated. Increases in temperature generally led to increases in the dielectric constant (e’) and loss factor (e’’) of all test samples while the opposite trend was observed with increases in frequency (i.e. e’ and e’’ decreased). These trends were clearly evident for samples of lean beef, pork, poultry and fish. The dielectric properties of other non-lean components also varied with temperature and frequency. e’ and e’’ values of fat and marrow were significantly lower than those of lean while for fibrous tissues muscle fibre orientation only had a significant influence in the case of poultry (p≤0.05) and not in the case of beef or pork (p≥0.05). Results of this study can serve as basic data for the design and/or application of RFID inlays

Serosorting Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of HIV Seroconversion in the EXPLORE Study Cohort

Background: Seroadaptation strategies such as serosorting and seropositioning originated within communities of men who have sex with men (MSM), but there are limited data about their effectiveness in preventing HIV transmission when utilized by HIV-negative men. Methodology/Principal Findings: Data from the EXPLORE cohort of HIV-negative MSM who reported both seroconcordant and serodiscordant partners were used to evaluate serosorting and seropositioning. The association of serosorting and seropositioning with HIV seroconversion was evaluated in this cohort of high risk MSM from six U.S. cities. Serosorting was independently associated with a small decrease in risk of HIV seroconversion (OR = 0.88; 95%CI, 0.81–0.95), even among participants reporting $10 partners. Those who more consistently practiced serosorting were more likely to be white (p = 0.01), have completed college (p =,0.0002) and to have had 10 or more partners in the six months before the baseline visit (p = 0.01) but did not differ in age, reporting HIV-infected partners, or drug use. There was no evidence of a seroconversion effect with seropositioning (OR 1.02, 95%CI, 0.92–1.14). Significance: In high risk HIV uninfected MSM who report unprotected anal intercourse with both seroconcordant and serodiscordant partners, serosorting was associated with a modest decreased risk of HIV infection. To maximize any potential benefit, it will be important to increase accurate knowledge of HIV status, through increased testing frequency

Refining the Methodology for Investigating the Relationship Between Fluency and the Use of Formulaic Language in Learner Speech

This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between productive fluency and the use of formulaic sequences in the speech of highly proficient L2 learners. Two samples of learner speech were randomly drawn and analysed. Formulaic sequences were identified on the basis of two distinct procedures: a frequency-based, distributional approach which returned a set of recurrent sequences (n-grams) and an intuition and criterion-based, linguistic procedure which returned a set of phrasemes. Formulaic material was then removed from the data. Breakdown and speed fluency measures were obtained for the following types of speech: baseline (pre-removal), formulaic, non-formulaic (post-removal). The results show significant differences between baseline and post-removal fluency scores for both learners. Also, formulaic speech is produced more fluently than non-formulaic speech. However, the comparison of the fluency scores of n-grams and phrasemes returned inconsistent results with significant differences reported only for one of the samples

The carbonylation of ammonia to urea

Present industrial production of urea involves high temperature/ high pressure conversion of NH₃ and CO₂ via carbamate. There would be economic interest in a low-cost method for the manufacture of urea. One possible way of achieving this is by conversion of NH₃ and CO to urea with elimination of H₂, or H₂O. Although the thermodynamics of such a process are favourable, the reaction does not occur in the absence of catalyst due to the high energy barrier of activation. From what is already known about species which can lower this energy barrier, a mechanistic strategy has been devised to screen complexes which are active for the Water Gas Shift Reaction (WGSR) under basic conditions. [M(CO)₆] (M = Cr, W), [Fe(CO)₅], K[Ru(HEDTA)Cl].2H₂O and [RhH(PR₃)₃] (R = PEt, PᶦPr) are known WGSR catalysts which do not catalyse the carbonylation of NH₃ to urea under conditions for which they are active for the WGSR, however, [Ru₃(CO)₁₂] is active for this reaction with methanol or ethanol as solvent. Conditions for optimum activity are T = 160°C CO charging pressure = 2-10 bar and [NH₃] = ca. 7 mol dm^-3. ¹H NMR, IR and electrospray mass spectroscopy were employed for carbonyl cluster identification, and species found to be present after catalysis include [HRu₃(CO)₁₁]⁻, [H₃ Ru₄(CO)₁₂]⁻, [H₂RU₄(CO)₁₂]²⁻, [Ru6C(CO)₁6]²⁻, [Ru6(CO)₁₈]²⁻, [Ru₄(CO)₁3]2 , [H₂Ru₃(NH)(CO)₉], [H₃ Ru₄(NH₂)(CO)₁₂], and some unidentified Ru₇ and Ru₈ monoanionic cluster species. [HRu₃(CO)₁₁]⁻ appears to be the most abundant species present in solution, both before, during (identified by high pressure IR spectroscopy), and after catalysis. Additionally, [HRu₃(CO)₁₁][NEt₄] catalyses the reaction as a starting material and so is thought to be the catalytic intermediate in the reaction with [Ru₃(CO)₁₂] as precursor. The period of catalytic activity is short. Possible reasons for this include incorporation of NH₃ into formamide (effectively reducing [NH₃]), and the formation of a non-catalytic species, possibly a dianion such as [Ru₃(CO)n]²⁻, [Ru6C(CO)16]²⁻, or [H₂Ru₄(CO)₁₂]²⁻. V [RhHCl₂(PᶦPr₃)²] reacts with sodium amalgam in THF solution with trace H₂0 to form [RhH₂Cl(PᶦPr₃)²], which we have isolated. The crystal structure of a new polymorph of this complex is described. [RhH₂Cl(PᶦPr₃)²] can be used as an alternative route to make [RhH(PᶦPr₃)³], by the reaction with strong base in excess PᶦPr₃. [RhCl3.xH₂0] reacts with excess PᶦPr₃ in THF and in the presence of H₂0 under reflux to give [RhHCl3(PᶦPr₃)²][H PᶦPr₃], the crystal structure of which is described. In solution, at room temperature, it dissociates to [RhHCl₂(PᶦPr₃)²] and [CLH PᶦPr₃], and, on cooling, [RhHCl3(PᶦPr₃)²][H PᶦPr₃] can be observed in the 31P and low-field 'H NMR spectra. [RhH(PᶦPr₃)³] and [RhH₂Cl(PᶦPr₃)²] both react with NH₃ in THF solution to yield an unknown adduct thought to be [RhH₂(NH₂)(PᶦPr₃)²], Reaction with NH₃ is unprecedented for any complex of Rh and has possible mechanistic significance in the carbonylation of NH₃ to urea